B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany - Plant Taxonomy Syllabus<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n :root {\r\n --primary-color: #2d5a27;\r\n --secondary-color: #407936;\r\n --accent-color: #e8f5e9;\r\n --text-color: #2c3e50;\r\n --border-color: #dcdde1;\r\n --bg-color: #f8faf8;\r\n }\r\n\r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n color: var(--text-color);\r\n background-color: var(--bg-color);\r\n margin: 0;\r\n padding: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .container {\r\n max-width: 900px;\r\n margin: 0 auto;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n padding: 40px;\r\n border-radius: 10px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\r\n }\r\n\r\n header {\r\n text-align: center;\r\n border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary-color);\r\n padding-bottom: 20px;\r\n margin-bottom: 30px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n h1 {\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n font-size: 1.8rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .subtitle {\r\n font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n color: #636e72;\r\n font-weight: 500;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Overview Table *\/\r\n table {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n border-collapse: collapse;\r\n margin: 25px 0 40px 0;\r\n }\r\n\r\n caption {\r\n font-size: 0.95rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n color: #636e72;\r\n }\r\n\r\n th, td {\r\n padding: 12px 16px;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n th {\r\n background-color: var(--primary-color);\r\n color: #ffffff;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n }\r\n\r\n tr:nth-child(even) {\r\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\r\n }\r\n\r\n tr:hover {\r\n background-color: var(--accent-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Unit Cards *\/\r\n .unit-card {\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n border-left: 5px solid var(--secondary-color);\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 20px 25px;\r\n margin-bottom: 25px;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n page-break-inside: avoid;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n padding-bottom: 10px;\r\n margin-bottom: 15px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-title {\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n margin: 0;\r\n font-size: 1.25rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .hours-badge {\r\n background-color: var(--accent-color);\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n padding: 4px 12px;\r\n border-radius: 20px;\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n border: 1px solid #c8e6c9;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* List Formatting *\/\r\n ul {\r\n margin: 8px 0;\r\n padding-left: 22px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n li {\r\n margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .sub-heading {\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n color: #1b4332;\r\n margin-top: 12px;\r\n margin-bottom: 4px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .grid-list {\r\n display: grid;\r\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));\r\n gap: 6px 15px;\r\n list-style-type: square;\r\n padding-left: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n .container {\r\n padding: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-header {\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n align-items: flex-start;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media print {\r\n body {\r\n background-color: #ffffff;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n }\r\n .container {\r\n box-shadow: none;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n max-width: 100%;\r\n }\r\n .unit-card {\r\n border-color: #ccc;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"container\">\r\n <header>\r\n <h1>B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany (UG)<\/h1>\r\n <div class=\"subtitle\">Course Syllabus: Plant Taxonomy<\/div>\r\n <\/header>\r\n\r\n \r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Course Structure & Credit Hours Overview<\/caption>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th style=\"width: 15%;\">Unit<\/th>\r\n <th style=\"width: 70%;\">Topic<\/th>\r\n <th style=\"width: 15%; text-align: right;\">Teaching Hours<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit I<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit II<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Types of Classification & Taxonomic Evidences<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit III<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit IV<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 II<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit V<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Modern Trends in Plant Taxonomy<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VI<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Tools & Software in Plant Identification<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VII<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Computer Usage & Android Applications<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VIII<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Aesthetic Characteristics of Plants<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n \r\n <main>\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit I: Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Components of Taxonomy<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Identification, Nomenclature, Classification<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Taxonomic Resources<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Herbarium: Functions and important herbaria<\/li>\r\n <li>Botanical gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Flora<\/li>\r\n <li>Keys: Single-access keys, Multi-access keys<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Botanical Nomenclature (ICN)<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Ranks and names<\/li>\r\n <li>Principle of priority<\/li>\r\n <li>Binomial system<\/li>\r\n <li>Type method<\/li>\r\n <li>Author citation<\/li>\r\n <li>Valid publication<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit II: Types of Classification & Evidences<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Systems of Classification<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Artificial, Natural, and Phylogenetic classifications<\/li>\r\n <li>Bentham & Hooker classification (up to Series)<\/li>\r\n <li>Engler & Prantl classification (up to Series)<\/li>\r\n <li>APG IV Classification<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Taxonomic Evidences<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Palynology<\/li>\r\n <li>Cytology<\/li>\r\n <li>Phytochemistry<\/li>\r\n <li>Molecular biology (Protein homology & Nucleic acid homology)<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit III: Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <p><em>Study of morphology and economic importance of:<\/em><\/p>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Ranunculaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Malvaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Rutaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Fabaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Myrtaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Cucurbitaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Rubiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Asteraceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Apocynaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Acanthaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Asclepiadaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Solanaceae<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit IV: Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 II<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <p><em>Study of morphology and economic importance of:<\/em><\/p>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Amaranthaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Euphorbiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Papaveraceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Apiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Lamiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Orchidaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Liliaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Musaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Poaceae<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit V: Modern Trends in Plant Taxonomy<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Phenetics & Biometrics<\/li>\r\n <li>Cladistics<\/li>\r\n <li>Phylogenetic Groupings: Monophyletic, Polyphyletic, and Paraphyletic groups<\/li>\r\n <li>Plesiomorphy & Apomorphy<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VI: Tools & Software in Plant Identification<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>GIS: Pattern Mapping, Feature Mapping, and Quantity Mapping<\/li>\r\n <li>PHYLIP (Free Phylogenetic Software)<\/li>\r\n <li>Digital Taxonomy (e-Flora)<\/li>\r\n <li>DELTA (Description Language for Taxonomy)<\/li>\r\n <li>Internet Directory for Botany<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VII: Computer Usage & Android Applications<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">MS Office Applications<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>PowerPoint presentations<\/li>\r\n <li>Microsoft Excel: Data entry, Graphs, Aggregate functions, Formulas and functions<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Computer Concepts & Field Tools<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Number systems & Conversion devices<\/li>\r\n <li>Secondary storage media<\/li>\r\n <li>GPS tagging<\/li>\r\n <li>Plant Identification Apps<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VIII: Aesthetic Characteristics of Plants<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Fundamentals & Garden Types<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Aesthetic characteristics of plants<\/li>\r\n <li>Types of gardens: English, Italian, French, Persian, Mughal, and Japanese Gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Famous gardens of India<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Garden Features & Special Horticultural Techniques<\/div>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Garden wall & Fencing<\/li>\r\n <li>Hedges & Edging<\/li>\r\n <li>Lawns & Steps<\/li>\r\n <li>Trees & Shrubs<\/li>\r\n <li>Climbers & Creepers<\/li>\r\n <li>Rockery & Flower beds<\/li>\r\n <li>Borders & Water gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Conservatory & Greenhouse<\/li>\r\n <li>Indoor & Roof gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Topiary & Bonsai<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n <\/main>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany – Plant Taxonomy Syllabus B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany (UG) Course Syllabus: Plant Taxonomy Course Structure & Credit Hours Overview Unit Topic Teaching Hours Unit I Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature 7 Unit II Types of Classification & Taxonomic Evidences 8 Unit III Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I 8 Unit IV Identification […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"disabled","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"disabled","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"disabled","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany - Plant Taxonomy Syllabus<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n :root {\r\n --primary-color: #2d5a27;\r\n --secondary-color: #407936;\r\n --accent-color: #e8f5e9;\r\n --text-color: #2c3e50;\r\n --border-color: #dcdde1;\r\n --bg-color: #f8faf8;\r\n }\r\n\r\n body {\r\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\r\n line-height: 1.6;\r\n color: var(--text-color);\r\n background-color: var(--bg-color);\r\n margin: 0;\r\n padding: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .container {\r\n max-width: 900px;\r\n margin: 0 auto;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n padding: 40px;\r\n border-radius: 10px;\r\n box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\r\n }\r\n\r\n header {\r\n text-align: center;\r\n border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary-color);\r\n padding-bottom: 20px;\r\n margin-bottom: 30px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n h1 {\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n font-size: 1.8rem;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .subtitle {\r\n font-size: 1.1rem;\r\n color: #636e72;\r\n font-weight: 500;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Overview Table *\/\r\n table {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n border-collapse: collapse;\r\n margin: 25px 0 40px 0;\r\n }\r\n\r\n caption {\r\n font-size: 0.95rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n color: #636e72;\r\n }\r\n\r\n th, td {\r\n padding: 12px 16px;\r\n text-align: left;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n th {\r\n background-color: var(--primary-color);\r\n color: #ffffff;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n }\r\n\r\n tr:nth-child(even) {\r\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\r\n }\r\n\r\n tr:hover {\r\n background-color: var(--accent-color);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* Unit Cards *\/\r\n .unit-card {\r\n border: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n border-left: 5px solid var(--secondary-color);\r\n border-radius: 6px;\r\n padding: 20px 25px;\r\n margin-bottom: 25px;\r\n background: #ffffff;\r\n page-break-inside: avoid;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-header {\r\n display: flex;\r\n justify-content: space-between;\r\n align-items: center;\r\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);\r\n padding-bottom: 10px;\r\n margin-bottom: 15px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-title {\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n margin: 0;\r\n font-size: 1.25rem;\r\n font-weight: 700;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .hours-badge {\r\n background-color: var(--accent-color);\r\n color: var(--primary-color);\r\n padding: 4px 12px;\r\n border-radius: 20px;\r\n font-size: 0.85rem;\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n border: 1px solid #c8e6c9;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* List Formatting *\/\r\n ul {\r\n margin: 8px 0;\r\n padding-left: 22px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n li {\r\n margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .sub-heading {\r\n font-weight: 600;\r\n color: #1b4332;\r\n margin-top: 12px;\r\n margin-bottom: 4px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .grid-list {\r\n display: grid;\r\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));\r\n gap: 6px 15px;\r\n list-style-type: square;\r\n padding-left: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n .container {\r\n padding: 20px;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .unit-header {\r\n flex-direction: column;\r\n align-items: flex-start;\r\n gap: 8px;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n @media print {\r\n body {\r\n background-color: #ffffff;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n }\r\n .container {\r\n box-shadow: none;\r\n padding: 0;\r\n max-width: 100%;\r\n }\r\n .unit-card {\r\n border-color: #ccc;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"container\">\r\n <header>\r\n <h1>B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany (UG)<\/h1>\r\n <div class=\"subtitle\">Course Syllabus: Plant Taxonomy<\/div>\r\n <\/header>\r\n\r\n \r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Course Structure & Credit Hours Overview<\/caption>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th style=\"width: 15%;\">Unit<\/th>\r\n <th style=\"width: 70%;\">Topic<\/th>\r\n <th style=\"width: 15%; text-align: right;\">Teaching Hours<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit I<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit II<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Types of Classification & Taxonomic Evidences<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit III<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit IV<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 II<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit V<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Modern Trends in Plant Taxonomy<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VI<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Tools & Software in Plant Identification<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VII<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Computer Usage & Android Applications<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">7<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td><strong>Unit VIII<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <td>Aesthetic Characteristics of Plants<\/td>\r\n <td style=\"text-align: right;\">8<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n\r\n \r\n <main>\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit I: Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Components of Taxonomy<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Identification, Nomenclature, Classification<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Taxonomic Resources<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Herbarium: Functions and important herbaria<\/li>\r\n <li>Botanical gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Flora<\/li>\r\n <li>Keys: Single-access keys, Multi-access keys<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Botanical Nomenclature (ICN)<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Ranks and names<\/li>\r\n <li>Principle of priority<\/li>\r\n <li>Binomial system<\/li>\r\n <li>Type method<\/li>\r\n <li>Author citation<\/li>\r\n <li>Valid publication<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit II: Types of Classification & Evidences<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Systems of Classification<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Artificial, Natural, and Phylogenetic classifications<\/li>\r\n <li>Bentham & Hooker classification (up to Series)<\/li>\r\n <li>Engler & Prantl classification (up to Series)<\/li>\r\n <li>APG IV Classification<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Taxonomic Evidences<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Palynology<\/li>\r\n <li>Cytology<\/li>\r\n <li>Phytochemistry<\/li>\r\n <li>Molecular biology (Protein homology & Nucleic acid homology)<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit III: Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <p><em>Study of morphology and economic importance of:<\/em><\/p>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Ranunculaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Malvaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Rutaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Fabaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Myrtaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Cucurbitaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Rubiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Asteraceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Apocynaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Acanthaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Asclepiadaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Solanaceae<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit IV: Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 II<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <p><em>Study of morphology and economic importance of:<\/em><\/p>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Amaranthaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Euphorbiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Papaveraceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Apiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Lamiaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Orchidaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Liliaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Musaceae<\/li>\r\n <li>Poaceae<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit V: Modern Trends in Plant Taxonomy<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Phenetics & Biometrics<\/li>\r\n <li>Cladistics<\/li>\r\n <li>Phylogenetic Groupings: Monophyletic, Polyphyletic, and Paraphyletic groups<\/li>\r\n <li>Plesiomorphy & Apomorphy<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VI: Tools & Software in Plant Identification<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>GIS: Pattern Mapping, Feature Mapping, and Quantity Mapping<\/li>\r\n <li>PHYLIP (Free Phylogenetic Software)<\/li>\r\n <li>Digital Taxonomy (e-Flora)<\/li>\r\n <li>DELTA (Description Language for Taxonomy)<\/li>\r\n <li>Internet Directory for Botany<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VII: Computer Usage & Android Applications<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">7 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">MS Office Applications<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>PowerPoint presentations<\/li>\r\n <li>Microsoft Excel: Data entry, Graphs, Aggregate functions, Formulas and functions<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Computer Concepts & Field Tools<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Number systems & Conversion devices<\/li>\r\n <li>Secondary storage media<\/li>\r\n <li>GPS tagging<\/li>\r\n <li>Plant Identification Apps<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n \r\n <section class=\"unit-card\">\r\n <div class=\"unit-header\">\r\n <h2 class=\"unit-title\">Unit VIII: Aesthetic Characteristics of Plants<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"hours-badge\">8 Hours<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Fundamentals & Garden Types<\/div>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Aesthetic characteristics of plants<\/li>\r\n <li>Types of gardens: English, Italian, French, Persian, Mughal, and Japanese Gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Famous gardens of India<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <div class=\"sub-heading\">Garden Features & Special Horticultural Techniques<\/div>\r\n <ul class=\"grid-list\">\r\n <li>Garden wall & Fencing<\/li>\r\n <li>Hedges & Edging<\/li>\r\n <li>Lawns & Steps<\/li>\r\n <li>Trees & Shrubs<\/li>\r\n <li>Climbers & Creepers<\/li>\r\n <li>Rockery & Flower beds<\/li>\r\n <li>Borders & Water gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Conservatory & Greenhouse<\/li>\r\n <li>Indoor & Roof gardens<\/li>\r\n <li>Topiary & Bonsai<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <\/section>\r\n <\/main>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany – Plant Taxonomy Syllabus B.Sc. 3rd Semester Botany (UG) Course Syllabus: Plant Taxonomy Course Structure & Credit Hours Overview Unit Topic Teaching Hours Unit I Taxonomic Resources & Nomenclature 7 Unit II Types of Classification & Taxonomic Evidences 8 Unit III Identification of Angiospermic Families \u2013 I 8 Unit IV Identification […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"disabled","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"disabled","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"disabled","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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